FFVII: Strategies for Victory in the World of Gaia
Overview
Final Fantasy VII, developed and published by Square Enix, stands as a towering achievement in the realm of video games. Released in 1997 for the Sony PlayStation, this iconic role-playing game (RPG) has left an indelible mark on the gaming industry and the hearts of millions of players worldwide. In this comprehensive article by Academic Block, we explore the various aspects that make Final Fantasy VII a timeless masterpiece, examining its groundbreaking narrative, innovative gameplay mechanics, memorable characters, and the lasting impact it has had on the gaming landscape.
The Birth of a Legend
Final Fantasy VII emerged as the seventh installment in the critically acclaimed Final Fantasy series. With the advancements in technology, Square (now Square Enix) sought to transition from 2D to 3D graphics, marking a significant leap forward in the franchise’s visual and narrative capabilities. The game’s director, Hironobu Sakaguchi, envisioned a captivating narrative set in a dystopian world, and with the help of renowned artist Yoshitaka Amano and composer Nobuo Uematsu, the team embarked on creating a game that would redefine the RPG genre.
A Riveting Narrative: A World on the Brink of Collapse
Final Fantasy VII opens with the protagonist, Cloud Strife, a former member of the elite military unit SOLDIER, hired by the eco-terrorist group AVALANCHE. Their mission is to thwart the megacorporation Shinra’s exploitation of the planet’s life force, Mako, for energy. As the plot unfolds, layers of political intrigue, personal discovery, and impending catastrophe weave together to form a narrative tapestry that is both emotionally resonant and intellectually stimulating.
The game’s antagonist, Sephiroth, looms over the narrative as a symbol of malevolence. His enigmatic presence and connection to Cloud create an overarching sense of foreboding, driving players forward in their quest to unravel the mysteries of the world and its characters. The narrative masterfully balances epic set pieces with intimate character moments, creating a story that feels both grandiose and deeply personal.
Innovative Gameplay: Melding Tradition with Innovation
Final Fantasy VII preserves the traditional turn-based combat system that the series is renowned for but introduces groundbreaking elements that set it apart. The introduction of the Materia system revolutionized character customization, allowing players to assign magical abilities and attributes to their characters through Materia orbs. This system not only added depth to the gameplay but also encouraged strategic thinking, as players experimented with different combinations to maximize their party’s potential.
The Limit Break system added an extra layer of excitement to battles. As characters sustained damage, their Limit Break gauge filled, granting access to powerful special moves. This mechanic not only added a strategic dimension to combat but also heightened the emotional engagement, as players eagerly awaited the moment when their characters could unleash devastating attacks.
The inclusion of mini-games and side quests further enriched the gaming experience. From the exhilarating motorcycle chase in Midgar to the serene chocobo breeding and racing, these diversions provided a welcome break from the main quest, showcasing the game’s versatility and attention to detail.
Memorable Characters: From Strife to Redemption
One of Final Fantasy VII’s enduring strengths lies in its memorable and diverse cast of characters. Cloud Strife, the brooding and initially mysterious protagonist, undergoes a profound character arc that explores themes of identity, memory, and self-discovery. The strong supporting cast, including Aerith Gainsborough, Tifa Lockhart, Barret Wallace, and Red XIII, each bring their unique personalities, backgrounds, and motivations to the table.
Aerith’s tragic destiny and her blossoming relationship with Cloud create a poignant narrative thread that has left an indelible impact on players. Tifa’s loyalty and emotional depth add complexity to the storyline, while Barret’s passionate commitment to his cause highlights the game’s exploration of environmentalism and corporate greed. The diverse characters and their interconnected relationships contribute to the emotional resonance that has solidified Final Fantasy VII’s place in gaming history.
Spectacular World-Building: From Midgar to the Lifestream
The game’s world-building is nothing short of spectacular, with the city of Midgar serving as a visual and thematic centerpiece. The stark contrast between the industrial upper plates and the squalid slums below creates a vivid portrayal of class disparity, setting the stage for the broader narrative of environmentalism and social justice. The world of Final Fantasy VII is expansive, featuring diverse landscapes, from the bustling streets of urban Midgar to the serene beauty of the forgotten City of the Ancients.
The concept of the Lifestream, a flow of spiritual energy that sustains life on the planet, adds a metaphysical layer to the narrative. This cosmic force becomes a central element in the struggle against Shinra and Sephiroth, emphasizing the interconnectedness of all living things. The game’s world-building not only provides a visually stunning backdrop but also deepens the thematic resonance of the narrative.
Technical Prowess: Pushing the Limits of the PlayStation
Final Fantasy VII showcased the technical capabilities of the Sony PlayStation, pushing the boundaries of what was thought possible in the late 1990s. The pre-rendered backgrounds, while now considered nostalgic, were groundbreaking at the time, immersing players in a visually stunning and atmospheric world. The in-game character models, though blocky by contemporary standards, conveyed a range of emotions and expressions that were unprecedented.
The game’s soundtrack, composed by Nobuo Uematsu, is nothing short of a masterpiece. The iconic main theme, the haunting melody of Aerith’s Theme, and the adrenaline-pumping battle music all contribute to the game’s emotional impact. Uematsu’s compositions not only complement the narrative but elevate it to a higher plane, creating an auditory experience that remains unforgettable.
Legacy and Impact: Beyond the Screen
Final Fantasy VII’s impact extends far beyond its initial release. Its success played a pivotal role in popularizing Japanese role-playing games (JRPGs) in the Western market, paving the way for future titles to find a global audience. The game’s themes of environmentalism, identity, and the consequences of unchecked corporate power remain relevant, ensuring its continued resonance with contemporary audiences.
The characters of Final Fantasy VII have become cultural icons, transcending the boundaries of gaming. Cloud Strife’s distinct spiky hair and Buster Sword have become symbols of the franchise, and Sephiroth’s ominous presence has solidified him as one of gaming’s most iconic villains. The game’s influence is evident in the numerous spin-offs, merchandise, and even a full-length feature film, “Final Fantasy VII: Advent Children,” released in 2005.
Remake and Reimagining: A New Chapter Unfolds
In 2020, Square Enix released “Final Fantasy VII Remake,” a reimagining of the original game that brought the world of Gaia to a new generation of gamers. The Remake expanded on the narrative, looking deeper into character backstories and introducing a real-time combat system that retained the essence of the original while modernizing the gameplay. The Remake, while divisive among purists, introduced the beloved world of Final Fantasy VII to a new audience and sparked renewed interest in the classic title.
Controversies revolving around Final Fantasy VII
While Final Fantasy VII is widely celebrated as a classic and groundbreaking game, it has not been without its share of controversies. Here are some notable controversies that have surrounded Final Fantasy VII:
- Aerith’s Death: The death of Aerith Gainsborough, one of the main characters, caused significant controversy and emotional turmoil among players. Many were shocked and saddened by the sudden and unexpected nature of her demise. The controversy stems from the decision to kill off a major character, a departure from traditional storytelling in video games at the time.
- Localization Changes: The localization of Final Fantasy VII involved several changes to adapt the game for a Western audience. Some alterations in character dialogue and cultural references raised concerns among purists who preferred a more faithful translation. Changes included altering character names, adjusting cultural references, and modifying certain scenes to be more palatable to Western audiences.
- Character Design Choices: The character design of Tifa Lockhart, one of the main characters, drew criticism for her exaggerated proportions and suggestive costume. Some argued that it perpetuated unrealistic and objectifying portrayals of female characters in video games. However, others defended the design as a product of the artistic style prevalent in the gaming industry during that era.
- Graphics and Technical Limitations: While groundbreaking at the time of its release, the graphics of Final Fantasy VII, particularly the blocky character models, have become a source of criticism in retrospect. Some players find it challenging to engage with the dated visuals, leading to calls for remakes or remasters with updated graphics.
- Spin-Offs and Compilation Controversies: The various spin-off titles and additions to the Compilation of Final Fantasy VII, such as “Dirge of Cerberus” and “Crisis Core,” have faced mixed receptions. Purists argue that some of these additions deviate from the original game’s tone and narrative, leading to a fractured and inconsistent expanded universe.
- Remake Changes and Controversies: The release of “Final Fantasy VII Remake” brought both excitement and controversy. Changes to the narrative, particularly in the later stages of the game, divided fans. The decision to make the Remake a multi-part series also raised concerns about the overall vision and pacing of the project.
- Pacing and Disc 3: Some players have criticized the pacing and structure of the game, especially during Disc 3. The open-world exploration aspect that characterized Disc 1 and Disc 2 gives way to a more linear progression, which some players found less engaging. The narrative focus and urgency of events during this portion of the game have been subjects of debate.
- Porting Issues: As the game has been ported to various platforms over the years, some versions have faced criticism for technical issues, including graphical glitches, audio problems, and control scheme challenges. Players have expressed frustration with these issues, particularly in ports to newer consoles or PC platforms.
- Cloud’s Crossdressing Scene: One memorable scene involves Cloud crossdressing to infiltrate a brothel. While this was initially controversial due to its unconventional nature, it has also been praised for challenging gender norms and providing a unique and memorable moment in the game.
What to expect in future from Final Fantasy
- New Mainline Titles: Square Enix has a history of developing new mainline entries in the Final Fantasy series. Fans can anticipate announcements and releases for future numbered titles, each with its own unique world, characters, and gameplay mechanics.
- Diverse Platforms: Final Fantasy games have traditionally been released on a variety of platforms, including consoles, PC, and mobile devices. Future titles may continue this trend, ensuring accessibility for a broad audience.
- Innovative Gameplay Mechanics: Final Fantasy games often introduce innovative gameplay mechanics to keep the series fresh and engaging. Fans can expect new twists on traditional RPG elements, creative battle systems, and evolving exploration mechanics.
- Advanced Graphics and Technology: As technology continues to advance, future Final Fantasy titles will likely showcase cutting-edge graphics and take advantage of the capabilities of next-generation gaming hardware.
- Continuation of Successful Spin-Offs: Successful spin-off titles, such as “Final Fantasy Tactics,” “Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles,” and “Final Fantasy Brave Exvius,” may receive sequels or new iterations. These spin-offs often explore different genres and gameplay styles.
- Storytelling and Narrative Depth: The Final Fantasy series is renowned for its intricate and emotionally impactful storytelling. Future titles will likely continue to deliver compelling narratives, exploring diverse themes and character arcs.
- Global Appeal and Cultural Influences: Final Fantasy has a global fanbase, and future games are expected to appeal to a wide audience. The series often incorporates diverse cultural influences, and this trend may continue in upcoming titles.
- Collaborations and Cross-Media Projects: Square Enix may explore collaborations and cross-media projects, including tie-ins with other forms of entertainment, such as films, anime, or merchandise. These initiatives help expand the reach of the Final Fantasy brand.
- Online and Multiplayer Experiences: Given the success of online multiplayer experiences in games like “Final Fantasy XIV,” future titles may incorporate online features or multiplayer components to enhance player engagement.
- Remasters and Remakes: Square Enix has demonstrated a willingness to revisit and enhance classic titles with remasters and remakes. Fans can expect continued efforts to bring beloved Final Fantasy games to modern platforms with updated graphics and features.
Final Words
Final Fantasy VII stands as a testament to the power of storytelling in video games. Its rich narrative, memorable characters, innovative gameplay, and technical achievements have secured its place in the pantheon of gaming classics. As the gaming industry continues to evolve, and new generations of players discover the magic of Midgar, the legacy of Final Fantasy VII will undoubtedly endure, inspiring future game developers and captivating the hearts of players for years to come. Please provide your views in comment section below to make this article better. Thanks for Reading and Game On!
This Article will answer your questions like:
Final Fantasy VII centers around Cloud Strife, a mercenary who joins the eco-terrorist group AVALANCHE to fight the corrupt Shinra Corporation exploiting the planet’s life force. The narrative expands to include a cosmic struggle against Sephiroth, a rogue soldier with god-like ambitions, exploring themes of identity, sacrifice, and environmentalism.
"Final Fantasy 7 Remake" (2020) is a reimagining of the original 1997 game, featuring updated graphics, a revised combat system, and expanded story elements that delve deeper into the game's lore. It covers roughly the first portion of the original game, focusing on Midgar. "Final Fantasy 7 Rebirth," the upcoming sequel, continues the story from where "Remake" left off. It aims to further explore the narrative and introduce new gameplay elements and locations, advancing the storyline with new developments and deeper character arcs. Both are part of a multi-part series that reinterprets the original game.
Final Fantasy VII features turn-based combat with a unique Active Time Battle (ATB) system, where characters and enemies take turns based on a timed gauge. Players manage a party of characters, each with unique abilities and Materia, engaging in battles, exploring diverse environments, and interacting with NPCs to progress the story.
Final Fantasy VII is available on multiple platforms, including the original PlayStation, Windows PC, and later re-releases for PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch, Xbox One, and PlayStation 5. The game has also been adapted for modern systems with enhanced graphics and additional content in its remake and ports.
The Materia system in Final Fantasy VII allows characters to equip magical orbs (Materia) that grant abilities, spells, and stat boosts. Materia can be combined and leveled up, offering customization in combat and strategy. This system significantly impacts gameplay by enabling versatile build options and enhancing tactical decisions.
Character development is central to Final Fantasy VII, with a diverse cast including Cloud, Tifa, Aerith, and Barret, each with unique backstories and growth arcs. Their personal journeys intertwine with the main plot, affecting relationships and narrative outcomes, and adding depth to the overarching struggle against Sephiroth.
The story of Final Fantasy VII unfolds through a combination of cinematic cutscenes, character dialogue, and in-game events. It begins with Cloud joining AVALANCHE, evolves through revelations about his past and Sephiroth's plans, and culminates in a climactic battle to save the planet from destruction, interspersed with numerous side quests and character interactions.
Key locations in Final Fantasy VII include Midgar, a dystopian city with multiple sectors; the lush, mythical land of Cosmo Canyon; the tropical paradise of Costa del Sol; and the treacherous Northern Crater. Each location offers unique environments, quests, and narrative elements critical to the game's storyline.
Final Fantasy VII employs the Active Time Battle (ATB) system, where characters and enemies act based on a gauge that fills over time. Players select commands during their turn, including attacks, magic, and special abilities. This system requires strategic timing and management of resources, adding depth to combat encounters.
Notable enemies in Final Fantasy VII include Sephiroth, the main antagonist; Jenova, a mysterious alien entity; and several powerful bosses like Ultima Weapon and Emerald Weapon. Each presents unique challenges and requires different strategies to defeat, contributing to the game's engaging and varied combat experience.
Character progression in Final Fantasy VII is achieved through experience points (XP) gained from battles. Characters level up, increasing their stats and unlocking new abilities. Materia also evolves with use, enhancing skills and providing additional spells, further influencing gameplay and character development.
Final Fantasy VII revolutionized the RPG genre with its cinematic storytelling, complex characters, and innovative gameplay mechanics. Its success popularized JRPGs in the Western market and set new standards for narrative depth, character development, and production values in role-playing games.
Remakes and ports of Final Fantasy VII differ from the original by updating graphics, audio, and gameplay mechanics. The "Final Fantasy VII Remake" introduces real-time combat, expanded storylines, and modern visuals, while ports retain the original's gameplay with adjustments for newer platforms and resolutions.
Final Fantasy VII has had a profound influence on gaming culture, inspiring a generation of RPGs with its storytelling and cinematic approach. It has spawned various media adaptations, including the film "Final Fantasy VII: Advent Children," spin-off games, and extensive merchandise, cementing its legacy in popular culture.
Popular maps in Final Fantasy VII include Midgar, a towering metropolis with multiple sectors; the expansive world map featuring diverse landscapes; and locations like Nibelheim and Cosmo Canyon. Each area is integral to the narrative, offering distinct environments and challenges.
For playing the "Final Fantasy VII Remake" on PC, a system with at least an Intel Core i5-3330 or AMD Ryzen 3 1200 processor, 8 GB of RAM, and an NVIDIA GeForce GTX 780 or AMD Radeon RX 480 graphics card is recommended. Higher specs are advised for optimal performance and graphics quality.
Some quotes from Final Fantasy VII
“I’m not interested in a group of guys who only know how to think with their fists.”
“This guy is sick.”
“Let the battles begin!”
“It’s not the face that makes someone a hero; it’s the heart.”
“This planet is my birthright!”
“Aerith, this isn’t the end.”
“The lifestream… flowing beneath our feet. Gives this great energy to all of us.”
“I’m not a hero because I want your approval. I do it because I want to!”
“I’m not alone. Not anymore.”
“You’re gonna have to start making decisions for yourself.”
Easter Eggs in Final Fantasy VII
Knights of the Round Table: Obtaining the Knights of the Round Materia involves a complex side quest. Once acquired, the summon animation for Knights of the Round is the longest in the game, and it pays homage to the Arthurian legend.
Cloud’s Crossdressing Scene: In Wall Market, Cloud crossdresses to rescue Tifa. The scene is an unexpected and memorable moment in the game, showcasing the developers’ willingness to incorporate humor and unconventional scenarios.
Chocobo Racing: Chocobo breeding and racing are significant side activities. By racing and breeding Chocobos, players can uncover rare and powerful items. The Chocobo Racing mini-game also pays homage to racing games, with special tracks and challenging opponents.
Materia Combinations: Experimenting with Materia combinations reveals hidden abilities. For instance, pairing the Mime Materia with Knights of the Round allows characters to mimic the powerful summon without consuming MP.
Mystery Ninja: Yuffie Kisaragi, a secret character, can be encountered in the forests around Junon. The encounter is entirely optional and depends on the player’s actions during specific conversations.
Vincent’s Limit Breaks: Vincent Valentine, another optional character, has unique and powerful Limit Breaks. His ultimate Limit Break, Chaos, can only be obtained through a specific side quest.
Lucrecia’s Cave: Vincent’s backstory involves Lucrecia Crescent. Her cave, found in the Icicle Area, reveals more about Vincent’s past and the experiments conducted by the Shinra Corporation.
Aerith’s Ghost: In the Forgotten Capital, players can encounter a ghostly figure that resembles Aerith. This mysterious occurrence adds a touch of the supernatural and contributes to the emotional impact of Aerith’s story.
Cloud’s Flashbacks: Throughout the game, Cloud experiences flashbacks and illusions. These sequences, especially those involving Sephiroth, contribute to the overall mystery and psychological depth of the narrative.
Sephiroth in the Library: In the Nibelheim Mansion’s library, players can find a hidden Sephiroth figure that follows them as they move through the room. This subtle and eerie detail adds to the atmosphere of the game.
Evolution of the game from start
Conceptualization and Development (1994-1997): The idea for Final Fantasy VII began to take shape in the mid-1990s when Square (now Square Enix) decided to transition from 2D to 3D graphics. Hironobu Sakaguchi, the game’s director, envisioned a narrative set in a dystopian world with deep political intrigue and environmental themes. The collaboration between Sakaguchi, artist Yoshitaka Amano, and composer Nobuo Uematsu played a crucial role in shaping the game’s distinctive visual style and emotional depth. The shift to 3D graphics allowed for more immersive world-building and character design, setting the stage for a groundbreaking RPG experience.
Technological Advancements (1997): Released in 1997 for the Sony PlayStation, Final Fantasy VII showcased the technical prowess of the console, pushing the boundaries of what was possible at the time. Pre-rendered backgrounds, while common in RPGs of that era, were exceptionally detailed and contributed to the game’s atmospheric and immersive environments. The in-game character models, although limited by the hardware of the time, conveyed a range of emotions and expressions, adding a level of depth previously unseen in video games.
Gameplay Innovation (1997): Final Fantasy VII retained the turn-based combat system that the series was known for but introduced innovative elements like the Materia system. The Materia system allowed players to customize characters by assigning magical abilities through Materia orbs, adding a strategic layer to character progression. Limit Breaks, special moves that characters could unleash in critical moments, added excitement and urgency to battles, enhancing the overall gameplay experience.
Critical and Commercial Success (1997 and Beyond): Final Fantasy VII was met with widespread critical acclaim and commercial success, becoming a flagship title for the PlayStation and introducing the Final Fantasy series to a global audience. The game’s compelling narrative, memorable characters, and innovative gameplay contributed to its status as a timeless classic. Its success played a pivotal role in popularizing Japanese role-playing games (JRPGs) in Western markets and establishing Square Enix as a powerhouse in the gaming industry.
Cultural Impact and Legacy (1997-Present): Final Fantasy VII’s characters, particularly Cloud Strife and Sephiroth, became cultural icons, transcending the gaming sphere and influencing popular culture. The game’s impact extended beyond the screen, leading to spin-off titles, merchandise, and even a feature film, “Final Fantasy VII: Advent Children,” released in 2005. Its legacy endured through the years, with subsequent generations of gamers discovering and appreciating the classic RPG.
Remake and Reimagining (2020): In 2020, Square Enix released “Final Fantasy 7 Remake,” a reimagining of the original game that expanded on the narrative and introduced modernized gameplay mechanics. The Remake, while divisive among purists, brought the world of Gaia to a new generation of gamers and sparked renewed interest in the classic title. It retained the essence of the original while introducing real-time combat, providing a fresh experience for both longtime fans and newcomers.
Enduring Fan Community (1997-Present): Final Fantasy VII cultivated a dedicated and passionate fan community that continues to celebrate and engage with the game more than two decades after its release. Fan creations, including fan art, fan fiction, and fan-made mods, showcase the lasting impact of the game on individuals and the gaming community as a whole. The enduring love for Final Fantasy VII is evident in the excitement surrounding each new announcement or release related to the game.
Recommended Hardware for playing
PC:
Mid Requirements
- Operating System: Windows 10
- Processor: AMD Ryzen 3 1200 / Intel Core i5-6400
- Memory: 8 GB RAM
- Graphics: AMD Radeon R9 280 / NVIDIA GeForce GTX 760
- DirectX: Version 11
- Storage: 100 GB available space
High Requirements
- Operating System: Windows 10 64-bit
- Processor: AMD Ryzen 5 3600 / Intel Core i7-3770
- Memory: 16 GB RAM
- Graphics: AMD Radeon RX 5700 / NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1070
- DirectX: Version 12
- Storage: 100 GB available space
Consoles:
- Play Station: 4 and 5
- Xbox: Xbox 1, Xbox X, Xbox 360
Facts about Final Fantasy VII
Development and Release: Final Fantasy VII was developed by Square (now Square Enix) and released for the Sony PlayStation in 1997. It was the first game in the Final Fantasy series to use 3D graphics, transitioning from the 2D sprites of its predecessors. The game was directed by Hironobu Sakaguchi, with character designs by Yoshitaka Amano and a musical score composed by Nobuo Uematsu.
Record-Breaking Sales: Final Fantasy VII was a massive commercial success, selling over 10 million copies worldwide, making it one of the best-selling games on the original PlayStation. It played a significant role in popularizing the role-playing game (RPG) genre in the Western gaming market.
Materia System: The game introduced the Materia system, a unique magic and ability system where characters equip magical orbs called Materia to gain new skills and powers. Materia can be leveled up and combined, providing players with a deep level of customization for their characters.
Iconic Characters: Cloud Strife, the main protagonist, became an iconic character in gaming, known for his spiky hair, oversized Buster Sword, and distinct personality. Sephiroth, the primary antagonist, is often regarded as one of the most iconic and memorable villains in video game history.
Emotional Impact: Final Fantasy VII is renowned for its emotional storytelling, with several memorable moments that left a lasting impact on players. The death of Aerith Gainsborough, a main character, is considered one of the most emotionally impactful events in gaming history.
Expansive World: The game’s world, known as Gaia, features a diverse range of locations, from the industrial city of Midgar to the tranquil landscapes of the Forgotten City. The world-building explores themes of environmentalism, corporate greed, and the interconnectedness of all living things through the concept of the Lifestream.
Compilation of Final Fantasy VII: The Compilation of Final Fantasy VII is a multimedia project that expands on the original game’s universe and includes titles like “Dirge of Cerberus,” “Crisis Core,” and “Advent Children.”
Impact on the Gaming Industry: Final Fantasy VII is often credited with revolutionizing the gaming industry, showcasing the potential for immersive storytelling and cinematic experiences in video games. Its success influenced the direction of future Final Fantasy titles and played a pivotal role in establishing Square Enix as a leading RPG developer.
Cultural References: The game has made significant cultural impacts beyond the gaming community, with references to its characters and themes appearing in various forms of media, including other video games, television shows, and movies.
Remake and Modern Adaptations: In 2020, Square Enix released “Final Fantasy 7 Remake,” a reimagining of the original game with updated visuals, expanded narrative elements, and modernized gameplay mechanics. The Remake received critical acclaim and introduced the classic title to a new generation of gamers.
Longevity and Community: Final Fantasy VII has maintained a dedicated fanbase over the years, with ongoing fan creations, events, and celebrations commemorating the game’s legacy. The enduring popularity of the title is evident in its continued presence in discussions of the greatest video games of all time.